Important answer

Ans1)Democracy is accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens because: i In a democracy people have the right to choose their representatives and the people will have control over them. ii Citizens have the right to participate in decision-making that affects them all.

Ans2) Some of the major functions of political parties performed in a democracy are as follows:-

In democracies, elections are contested mainly among the candidates put by political parties.

Political Parties have different policies and programmes, voters choose from them. In a democracy a large number of people with similar opinions group together and form a party and then give a direction to the policies followed by the government.

The parties that lose elections form the opposition and voice different views and criticize the government for its failures. They mobilise opposition to the government.

They shape public opinion. Parties with the help of pressure groups launch movements for solving problems faced by the people.

They provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes. The local party leader acts as a link between the citizen and the government officer.

Ans3) Culture played an important role in creating the idea of 'nation in Europe: ... Romanticism was a cultural movement that believed in emotions, intuitions and mystical feelings over reason and science. They tried to evoke the feelings of a common past and shared heritage.

Ans4) Impacts of globalisation in India are

(i) It has improved the productivity and efficiency of Indian companies in the use of resources through the process of competition.

(ii) The growth rate of the economy has gone up with the increase in foreign investment and foreign technology in India.

(iii) It has allowed the consumers to enjoy a wider range of goods and services at lower costs.

Ans5) Indian federalism is a threefold distribution based on three lists: I - Union List on which centre make laws such as defence, currency, etc. II - State List on which state make laws such as police, trade, agriculture, etc. III - Concurrent List on which both Centre and State Legislates such as education, marriage, etc.

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